How to reset your iPod [ All versions:- iPod, iPod mini, iPod nano, iPod classic 160 GB (Late 2009) ]

Important: Do not reset your iPod if ...

If your iPod is connected to a computer and displays the following messages, you must eject iPod from iTunes instead of reset:

• Connected. Eject before disconnecting
• Synchronization in progress, please wait ...
• Do not disconnect.

Resetting an iPod nano (6th Generation):

Press and simultaneously and continuously on the buttons on / off and volume down (for at least eight seconds or until the Apple logo appears). It may be that you need to repeat this step.

If the problem persists, connect your iPod to a power adapter and plug it into an electrical outlet, or connect iPod to your computer. Make sure the computer is turned on and is not in sleep mode. Try resetting the iPod while it is connected to food.

Resetting an iPod Click Wheel

IPod models with click wheel are:

iPod Nano (5th Generation) iPod nano (4th generation) iPod nano (3rd generation) iPod nano (2nd generation) iPod nano	iPod classic	iPod (5th generation)	iPod with color display (iPod photo) iPod (Click Wheel)	iPod mini iPod mini (2nd generation)
Note: If your iPod is frozen or will not turn, it may be paused or the Hold switch is in locked position. If this happens, a symbol of a lock appears on the screen. Toggle the Hold switch in position "unlocked" and check the screen.

1. Toggle the Hold switch (Slide it to Hold, then turn it off again).

2. Press and hold the Menu and Select buttons until the Apple logo appears (6-8 seconds). It may be that you need to repeat this step
.
Tip: if you have any difficulty resetting your iPod, set it on a flat surface. Make sure the finger pressing the Select button is not touching another part of the click wheel. Also make sure you press the Menu button toward the outside and not near the center of the click wheel.

If the problem persists, connect your iPod to a power adapter and plug it into an electrical outlet, or connect iPod to your computer. Make sure the computer is turned on and is not in sleep mode. Try resetting the iPod while it is connected to food.

Resetting an iPod, an iPod scroll wheel, iPod with touch wheel and an iPod with a dock connector:

1. Toggle the Hold switch (Slide it to Hold, then turn it off again).
2. Press and hold the Play / Pause and Menu buttons until the Apple / iPod logo appears (6-8 seconds). It may be that you need to repeat this step.

If the problem persists, connect your iPod to a power adapter and plug it into an electrical outlet, or connect iPod to your computer. Make sure the computer is turned on and is not in sleep mode.
If you are still unable to reset your iPod, a hand press the center button (select) and the other on the Menu button.

When you reset iPod all your songs and files are saved, but some customized settings may be lost. The date and time are stored (unless the iPod reset itself because it had no power and was reconnected to power). Other customized settings, such as bookmarks, playlists On-The-Go, shuffle, backlight, etc.. Are maintained as they were the last time the drive was activated.

Reset an iPod touch:

Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button for a few seconds until the red "slide to power off" slider appears, then slide the slider. Note: When iPhone is off, incoming calls go straight to voicemail.

Reset an iPod shuffle:

1. Disconnect iPod shuffle from the computer (if connected).
2. Move the switch on the iPod shuffle to the OFF position. Note that when iPod shuffle is off, the green stripe by the switch is not visible.

   1st generation	2nd generation	3rd generation	4th generation

3. Wait five seconds. For iPod shuffle (3rd and 4th generation), wait ten seconds.
4. Move the switch to the play in order or the shuffle position. The green stripe will be visible in either position. For iPod shuffle (2nd and 4th generation), slide the power switch on (and you can see the green stripe).

iPod shuffle is now reset. If you were resetting as part of some troubleshooting steps, continue with those steps now. 

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Posted in: Apple,Devices,Hardware,Informations,iPad,iPhone,iPod,learning

Computer Hardware Ports, CPU Sockets, Power Connectors, Processor Card Slot, Notebook RAM, Peripheral Cards

 

In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. Electronically, the several conductors making up the outlet provide a signal transfer between devices.



Physical shape:

Hardware ports may be physically male or female, but female ports are much more common.

Computer ports in common use cover a wide variety of shapes such as round (PS/2, etc.), rectangular (FireWire, etc.), square (Telephone plug), trapezoidal (D-Sub — the old printer port was a DB-25), etc. There is some standardization to physical properties and function. For instance, most computers have a keyboard port (currently a round DIN-like outlet referred to as PS/2), into which the keyboard is connected.

Electrical signal transfer

Electronically, hardware ports can almost always be divided into two groups based on the signal transfer:

• Serial ports send and receive one bit at a time via a single wire pair (Ground and +/-).
• Parallel ports send multiple bits at the same time over several sets of wires.

After ports are connected, they typically require handshaking, where transfer type, transfer rate, and other necessary information is shared before data are sent.

Hot-swappable ports can be connected while equipment is running. About the only port on personal computers that is not hot-swappable is the keyboard PS/2 connector. Hot-swapping a keyboard on many computer models can cause permanent damage to the motherboard.

Plug-and-play ports are designed so that the connected devices automatically start handshaking as soon as the hot-swapping is done. USB ports and FireWire ports are plug-and-play.

Auto-detect or auto-detection ports are usually plug-and-play, but they offer another type of convenience. An auto-detect port may automatically determine what kind of device has been attached, but it also determines what purpose the port itself should have. For example, some sound cards allow plugging in several different types of audio speakers; then a dialogue box pops up on the computer screen asking whether the speaker is left, right, front, or rear for surround sound installations. The user's response determines the purpose of the port, which is physically a 1/8" tip-ring-sleeve (TRS connector) minijack. Some auto-detect ports can even switch between input and output based on context.

As of 2006, manufacturers have nearly standardized colors associated with ports on personal computers, although there are no guarantees. The following is a short list:

Main article: PC System Design Guide

• Orange, purple, or grey: Keyboard PS/2
• Green: Mouse PS/2
• Blue or magenta: Parallel printer DB-25
• Amber: Serial DB-25 or DB-9
• Pastel pink: Microphone 1/8" stereo (TRS) minijack
• Pastel green: Speaker 1/8" stereo (TRS) minijack

FireWire ports used with video equipment (among other devices) can be either 4-pin or 6-pin. The two extra conductors in the 6-pin connection carry electrical power. This is why a self-powered device such as a camcorder often connects with a cable that is 4-pins on the camera side and 6-pins on the computer side, the two power conductors simply being ignored. This is also why laptop computers usually have only 4-pin FireWire ports, as they cannot provide enough power to meet requirements for devices needing the power provided by 6-pin connections.

Optical (light) fiber, microwave, and other technologies (i.e., quantum) have different kinds of connections, as metal wires are not effective for signal transfers with these technologies. Optical connections are usually a polished glass or plastic interface, possibly with an oil that lessens refraction between the two interface surfaces. Microwaves are conducted through a pipe, which can be seen on a large scale by examining microwave towers with "funnels" on them leading to pipes.

Hardware port trunking (HPT) is a technology that allows multiple hardware ports to be combined into a single group, effectively creating a single connection with a higher bandwidth, sometimes referred to as a double-barrel approach. This technology also provides a higher degree of fault tolerance because a failure on one port may just mean a slow-down rather than a dropout. By contrast, in Software Port Trunking (SPT), two agents (websites, channels, etc.) are bonded into one with the same effectiveness; i.e., ISDN B1 (64K) plus B2 (64K) equals data throughput of 128K.

ALSO THE RESULT FOR: 

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History of the Internet

History of the Internet

                       The concept of data communication - transmitting data between two different places, connected via some kind of electromagnetic medium, such as radio or an electrical wire - actually predates the introduction of the first computers. Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices. Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication. The earlier computers used the technology available at the time to allow communication between the central processing unit and remote terminals. As the technology evolved new systems were devised to allow communication over longer distances (for terminals) or with higher speed (for interconnection of local devices) that were necessary for the mainframe computer model. Using these technologies it was possible to exchange data (such as files) between remote computers. However, the point to point communication model was limited, as it did not allow for direct communication between any two arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary.
              
                       The technology was also deemed as inherently unsafe for strategic and military use, because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack.
As a response, several research programs started to explore and articulate principles of communications between physically separate systems, leading to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking. These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Vinton G. Cerf at Stanford University, Donald Davies (NPL), Paul Baran (RAND Corporation), and Leonard Kleinrock at MIT and at UCLA. The research led to the development of several packet-switched networking solutions in the late 1960s and 1970s, including ARPANET, Telenet, and the X.25 protocols.
         
                     Additionally, public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity, including unix-to-unix copy (UUCP) and FidoNet. They were however still disjointed separate networks, served only by limited gateways between networks. This led to the application of packet switching to develop a protocol for internetworking, where multiple different networks could be joined together into a super-framework of networks. By defining a simple common network system, the Internet Protocol Suite, the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation. This spread of internetworking began to form into the idea of a global network that would be called the Internet, based on standardized protocols officially implemented in 1982. Adoption and interconnection occurred quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world, and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard for the global network. However, the disparity of growth between advanced nations and the third-world countries led to a digital divide that is still a concern today.
   
                  Following commercialization and introduction of privately run Internet service providers in the 1980s, and the Internet's expansion for popular use in the 1990s, the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce. This includes the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail (e-mail), text based discussion forums, and the World Wide Web. Investor speculation in new markets provided by these innovations would also lead to the inflation and subsequent collapse of the Dot-com bubble. But despite this, the Internet continues to grow, driven by commerce, greater amounts of online information and knowledge and social networking known as Web 2.0.

ALSO THE RESULT FOR:

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Posted in: Devices,Facebook,Food,Google,Hardware,Informations,Invention,learning,Microsoft,tradition,Twitter,Web Informations

USB Typewriter: The typewriter isn't dead just yet

Maybe the typewriter isn't dead just yet. 

A U.S. designer has created a USB Typewriter conversion kit that allows computer users to type on their machines using an old-school typewriter keyboard. 

The kit plugs into the USB port on a laptop, monitor or iPad via a sensor board. 

Scroll down for video

 
Retro: U.S. designer Jack Zylkin has created this USB Typewriter conversion kit that allows computer users to type on their machines using an old-school typewriter keyboard

Inventor Jack Zylkin said: 'It's a new and ground-breaking innovation in the field of obsolescence.' 

Mr Zylkin sells complete kits, which include the typewriter itself, on retail website Etsy.com.

They retail for between $699 and $899 depending on the model. Mr Zylkinalso sells do it yourself kits, starting at $74.

The modification is 'easy to install,' according to a statement on usbtypewriter.com.

Costly: Mr Zylkin sells complete kits, which include the typewriter itself on website Etsy.com which retail for between $699 and $899 depending on the model

'It involves no messy wiring, and does not change the outward appearance of the typewriter (except for the usb adapter itself, which is mounted in the rear of the machine),' the statement continues.

The high-tech typewriters are marketed to 'lovers of the look, feel, and quality of old fashioned manual typewriters,' who can now use them as keyboards for any USB-capable computer.

The machine, introduced in July of 2010, has since become a hit with retro-style aficionados, receiving 100 per cent positive feedback on Etsy.com.

One user commented on the brand's website: 'I know several people who at least claim to be nostalgic for the old typewriter days; this would make it possible to call their bluff :-) . And who knows, they might actually like it?'

Cheaper alternative: A DIY modification that retails for $74 is 'easy to install,' according to a statement on usbtypewriter.com

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Posted in: Devices,Hardware,Informations,Printer

Stuffs upon Notebook batteries

Notebook batteries are a common topic of discussion, and the vast majority of questions about them deal with prolonging their lives. There is a lot of information about Lithium Ion (hereafter Li-Ion) batteries to wade through. There are a lot of misconceptions floating around as well. This simple guide addresses the most common notebook battery questions and concerns.

How long will my battery last?
Your notebook battery will deteriorate over time whether you use it or not. Although the Li-Ion industry does not publicize this fact, your battery’s clock began ticking the moment it was assembled. The elements inside your battery slowly react with each other, eventually rendering the battery unable to supply the required power to your notebook. In addition, your battery is rated to last between 300 and 800 charge/recharge cycles. It will gradually lose charge capacity rather than abruptly fail to power your notebook.

The general consensus is that notebook batteries last one to three years. While you can slow the battery’s aging and loss of capacity, you cannot stop either decline. The temperature of the battery, combined with the amount and nature of its usage contribute significantly to your battery’s lifespan. You can ease the aging process with some care and maintenance.  

Temperature
Lower temperatures slow down the self-discharge (loss of charge while disconnected) and aging process of the elements within your battery. Therefore it follows that higher temperatures shorten the life of your battery. Leaving your battery connected while on AC power causes the internal temperature of the battery to rise. Removing your battery and storing it in a cool, dry place will help to slow the aging process. Keeping your notebook in a hot environment is also detrimental to your battery.  

Amount of Usage
The Lithium-Ion batteries used in notebooks are rated to handle between 300 and 800 charge/discharge cycles. Some of these cycles are used when you leave your battery connected to your notebook while on AC power. On AC power, the notebook will routinely “top-off” the battery when its charge reaches predetermined levels (i.e. 95%). Removing your battery and storing it in a cool, dry place will help to preserve some of these cycles.  

Nature of Usage
Li-Ion batteries do not suffer from the memory-effect (requiring complete discharge before recharging to avoid loss of capacity) like older rechargeable batteries. Regular full discharge/recharge cycles result in an increased loss of capacity per cycle. A series of partial discharge cycles are better for Li-Ion batteries than a single full discharge. You should, however, calibrate your battery routinely.
 
Connected or Disconnected when on AC Power? 

Things to consider if:

You are removing the battery while on AC power:
Pros:
• Preserves charge cycles
• Keeps the battery temperature lower thus slowing the aging process
Cons:
• Lose the battery as backup power during power outages and voltage drops
• Unsaved work will be lost and data may be corrupted without backup power
• UPS (uninterruptible power supply) needed to serve as backup power source

You are leaving the battery connected while on AC power:
Pros:
• Battery serves as backup power during power outages and voltage drops
• More convenient for “grab-and-go” use
• Battery doesn’t require sufficient warming time (as it would after being stored in the refrigerator)
Cons:
• Loss of charge cycles
• Battery’s temperature is higher on AC power resulting in accelerated aging
 
Quick Reference: Simple Guidelines

 
• Heat is your battery’s worst enemy. Avoid keeping your battery in hot places such as your car during the daytime.
• A full discharge puts more strain on your battery than several partial discharges. You do not need to worry about battery memory with Li-Ion batteries. Get into the habit of recharging the battery when it reaches 10-20%.
• Never discharge your battery to 0% – as this can render your battery useless.
• Calibrate your battery’s fuel gauge by doing a full discharge every 30 cycles. Run the battery to the cut-off point in your notebook to keep the battery’s fuel gauge accurate.
• If you will be on AC power for an extended period of time, you can prolong your battery’s lifespan by removing it and putting it into prolonged storage.
• Prolonged storage should be done with a 40% charge-level and in a cool, dry place. Some experts recommend you place the battery in your refrigerator. Use a sealed plastic bag to keep moisture out if you do this.
• Do not freeze your battery.
• Allow a stored battery to warm to room temperature completely before using or recharging it.

Also see THE TIPS TO INCREASE YOUR BATTERY LIFE

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Posted in: Devices,Hardware,Informations

Ten Tips to increase your Laptop's Battery Life

Here are 10 simple, but effective tips to get more out of your laptop battery. There’s no rocket science involved. Just simple tricks.

1. Turn off WiFi and Bluetooth if you don’t need them. Obviously if you’re trying to be online when you’re on battery power you need to keep these on, but if you’re on a flight or someplace where you aren’t going to be online, just turn the WiFi off. Same goes for Bluetooth, if you don’t need it on, turn it off.
2. Turn down your screen brightness. While screens are a lot more efficient than the used to be, you can still squeeze more time out of your battery if the screen isn’t at full power. The trick here is turn down the screen until it’s too dark to use, then bump it up a notch or two. That should give you the right balance of brightness and power saving.
3. If you have a backlit keyboard, turn the light off. Just like the screen, the keyboard light drains the battery pretty quickly.
4. If you’re not using it, quit it. Every app that is running needs a little processor and hard drive time tostay running, all those apps add up to more drain. And don’t just quit the apps you can see all the extras like Dropbox or mouse tools or other add ons use power too…if you don’t really need them, just quit them.
5. If your laptop has a “power saving mode” use it. For example on MacBook Pros there is a setting for More Performance (it can tap into the graphics chip) or Better Battery (no graphics chip). Better battery is clearly the choice here.
6. Set your screen to turn off if not used in a couple minutes. I know it seems extreme, but if you can set your screen to turn off if you’re idle for a minute or two…believe it or not it will make a difference.
7. Have your computer go to sleep if idle for five minutes. Yes, I know, it sounds extreme, but still the idea is that if you’re not actively using your machine, then turning the screen off and going to sleep will help you eek out more power.
8. Avoid connecting things to USB ports or the DVD drive. You want to suck your batter dry in a flash? Connect a phone that needs to charge into your machine and watch a movie off the DVD drive at the same time. Those two are huge power draws, especially USB drives and phones that need charging (obviously a charging phone will suck power straight out of your battery). Just try to put off or avoid using them for long.
9. Use a RAM disk. This is a little geeky, but here’s the idea. If you need to work on a document instead of constantly reading and writing to your hard drive, a RAM disk is a temporary disk that is saved all in RAM. Not accessing the drive means less power usage. Back in the day we used to use RAM disks to speed up all sorts of functions on our machines (an old trick was to put your Firefox cache on a RAM disk), but the trick seems to have fallen out of favor. The utility I used on my Mac (and unwisely deleted) doesn’t seem to be available, but OS X Daily has simple instructions for Mac users. For Windows users I haven’t been able to find something that looks reliable (suggestions are welcome).
10. Run your battery down once a month. I know this is controversial. Yes, it was certainly true that older batteries had a “memory effect” problem, but it was thought that new ones didn’t. I guess we were wrong because even Apple recommends draining your battery once a month. In fact, I’m draining my battery as I’m writing this post. Not only that I’ve disregarded all the advice here (well except for using the DVD drive). It’s still taken nearly two hours to run the machine until it’s down to reserve power. The next step is to just let the the machine drop into sleep and run the battery completely down, then charge it back up.

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Posted in: Devices,Hardware,Informations

An Invisible Computer Mouse

An Invisible Computer Mouse - Yet Another Invention by Pranav Mistry.

meansofmine.blogspot.com

Pranav Mistry, who earlier had made headlines for his invention Sixth Sense and even received Popular Science 2009 Invention Award for it, has now invented yet another similar device and this time its invisible – A mouse and amusingly it costs just 20$ to build its prototype.
The perpetual changes in computer technology & web has seen many evolutions, right from large room size CPUs to miroprogrammed slim netbooks, heavy bulky monitors to thin LCDs, few MBs capacity hard disks to trillion capacity HDs but in all these what remained nearly unchanged and un-evolved is mouse – moving it around to help us interact computer.
Mouseless is an invisible computer mouse project done in in MIT Fluid Interfaces Group headed by Pranav Mistry, this invisible mouse provides the familiarity of interaction of a physical mouse without actually needing a real hardware mouse, hence removes the requirement of having a physical mouse altogether but still provides the intuitive interaction of a physical mouse that everyone is familiar with.

meansofmine.blogspot.com

Mouseless consists of – (1) an Infrared (IR) laser beam, (2) an Infrared camera and both embedded in the computer itself. The laser beam module is modified with a line cap and placed such that it creates a plane of IR laser just above the surface the computer sits on. The user cups their hand, as if a physical mouse was present underneath, and the laser beam lights up the hand which is in contact with the surface. The IR camera detects those bright IR blobs using computer vision. The change in the position and arrangements of these blobs are interpreted as mouse cursor movement and mouse clicks. As the user moves their hand the cursor on screen moves accordingly. When the user taps their index finger, the size of the blob changes and the camera recognizes the intended mouse click.

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